Kazakhstan|
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Kazakhstan| The work of many chemical and metallurgical factories
requires construction of liquid industrial wastes storages intended for
warehousing and a long-term storage wastes, which are danger to an environment
and human.
Designing such storages is usually carried out proceeding from balance between amount formed liquid wastes and speed of evaporation of water from a surface of storage. At equation these two streams the storage can be maintained very long time without any reconstruction. In these conditions a waterproofing of bottom of storage and the invariance of a level of water in it provides absence of toxic and radioactive wastes neither in water, nor in air environment. After the termination of operation of storages or significant reduction of dumps volumes at the expense of reduction of manufacture volumes, the technical measures on preservation of storages should be undertaken. Thus the protection both earth waters, and atmosphere from technological wastes should be supplied. Usually after reduction of volumes of dumps liquid technological wastes there is a fast decrease of a level of solutions in ponds - stores of liquid wastes storages because of the evaporation of water. The beaches, formed at it, are covered with a deposit, in which toxic and radioactive substances concentrate. After drying these deposits are subject to wind erosion, dust from a surface of a beach can create the raised concentration of harmful substances in air. Besides, the absence of a water mirror in the pond - store can create conditions, at which the destruction of bottom water-repellant layer of storage will begin (for example at strong frosts probably freezing and cracking of this layer). Thus, can be created the conditions, when the dropping out atmospheric precipitation will wash away deposits on a beach and the toxic or radioactive substances can through the destroyed layer of a waterproofing to get in earth waters. It is clear, that at preservation of storages the measures on prevention of wind erosion and on protection of beaches against atmospheric precipitation should be supplied. On JSC "Ulba Metallurgical Plant" after significant reduction of volumes of manufacture there was a reduction of a level of solutions in the pond - store liquid wastes of hydrometallurgical plant. Thus the size of reduction of a level is estimated in some meters, and area of the formed beaches in some hectares. With the purpose of improvement of ecological conditions on storage of liquid industrial wastes and in region, will be carried out the work on development of technology of protection of beaches of storages from wind erosion and from atmospheric precipitation. It is represented, what to carry out this project probably by development of structures and ways of drawing of several layers of sheeting. Each of these layers should provide the functions: protection against wind erosion, protection against influence of an atmospheric moisture, mechanical durability etc. As materials of coverings the multicomponent compositions can be used various inorganic polymeric knitting. At the first stage of the project it is necessary to study structure of the formed beaches, structure of deposits, their morphology. It is necessary to carry out study of structure of earth waters in area of liquid radioactive wastes storage, to investigate dynamics of the contents of toxic and radioactive substances in them. On the basis of received data it will be possible to specify the requirements to sheetings, their properties and structure. At the second stage of work on the basis of the received data should be developed structures and ways of drawing of coverings. It is necessary to note, that the development of structure of coverings should be carried out for concrete storage, optimizing and taking the most not toxic wastes of working manufactures. |
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