Note: The Convention entered into force on 26 February 1987, i.e. thirty days after the date on which the third State expressed its consent to be bound, pursuant to Article 14, paragraph 3.

Status: 68 signatories

Argentina - [17 January 1990]^[1]

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"In accordance with Article 11, paragraph 3, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with Article 8, paragraph 9, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions concerning privileges and immunities under Article 8, paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Convention;

"In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 5, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions concerning claims and compensation under Article 10, paragraph 2;

"In accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention."
(Original in Spanish; translation by the Secretariat)

Australia - [22 September 1987]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"DECLARING, as permitted under Article 8.9 of the Convention, that Australia will not be bound by Articles 8.2 and 8.3."
(Original in English)

Austria - [21 November 1989] ^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"I have the honour to inform you in conformity with article 10 paragraph 5(b) of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency that Austria will not apply paragraph 2 of the aforementioned article in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused death, injury, loss or damage."
(Original in English)

"The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards Saudi Arabia an attitude of complete reciprocity."
(Original in English)

Italy - [8 February 1990]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Italian Government declares that the clauses of article 1 are not satisfactory, in so far as they impose on a contracting party the obligation to notify only accidents from which derive the release of radioactive materials which might transcend or has transcended an international boundary, or could have other consequences outside its jurisdiction or control.

"The Italian Government considers that every accident should be notified, also those which have consequences limited to the territory of the State concerned."
(Original in English)

Italy - [25 October 1990]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with Article 8.9, the Government of the Italian Republic expresses the following reservation.

"Italy understands the term 'duties' in Article 8.2(b) to refer only to customs duties. Moreover, it specifies that exemption from taxation, duties or other charges cannot apply to value-added tax (VAT) and that in no case can said exemptions apply to Italian nationals or persons resident in Italy on a permanent basis.

"Pursuant to Article 10.5(b), the Government of the Italian Republic declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage.

"Lastly, the Government of the Italian Republic makes the following interpretative declaration:

1. The general provision contained in Article 8.1 shall concern only those privileges, immunities and exemptions specified in the following paragraphs, to the exclusion of all else;

2. The immunity referred to in Article 8.2(a) shall be understood to be affordable in respect of acts or omissions committed in the performance of and in connection with the duties discharged."
   (Original in French; translation by the Secretariat)

Japan - [9 June 1987]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Government of Japan declares that it does not consider itself bound by Paragraph 2(b) of Article 8 with respect to the income tax, local inhabitant taxes and the enterprise tax as well as any identical or substantially similar taxes on personnel acting on behalf of an assisting party and that it will afford to the said personnel exemption from these taxes to the extent provided for in a convention for the avoidance of double taxation between Japan and the State of which the personnel is a resident."
(Original in English and Japanese; supplied by the Government)

Korea, Rep. of - [8 June 1990]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Government of the Republic of Korea declares pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency that it does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article. And the Government of the Republic of Korea declares pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article 10 of the said Convention that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of that Article."
(Original in English and Korean; supplied by the Government)

Malaysia - [1 September 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Government of Malaysia declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 11, that Malaysia does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article".

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

"The Government of Malaysia declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, that Malaysia does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article".
(Original in English)

Mauritius - [17 August 1992]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

1. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius regrets that the scope of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident does not also cover nuclear emergencies resulting from military activities which involve nuclear weapons since the potential transboundary radiological effect would be equally injurious;

2. In accordance with article (11) paragraph (3) of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, the Republic of Mauritius does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (2) article (11) thereof."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 of the Convention Mauritius declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures set out in paragraph 2 of Article 13."
(Original in English)

Monaco - [19 July 1989]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Principality of Monaco declares, in conformity with paragraph 3 of Article 11, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

"The Principality of Monaco declares that:

1. In conformity with paragraph 9 of Article 8, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article;

2. In conformity with paragraph 5 of Article 10, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article;

3. In conformity with paragraph 3 of Article 13, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article."
   (Original in French)

New Zealand - [11 March 1987]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with Article 8 (9) of that Convention I declare on behalf of the Government of New Zealand that New Zealand does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 8 (2) (a) and Article 8 (3) (b) of the Convention."
(Original in English)

Nicaragua - [11 November 1993]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"... in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 11 of the Convention, [Nicaragua] does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 11 of the Convention."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

"... in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention, [Nicaragua] does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to privileges and immunities contained in paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article. Likewise, in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10, it does nor consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to claims and compensation contained in paragraph 2 of that Article. Furthermore, the Government of Nicaragua, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article."
(Original in Spanish; translation by the Secretariat)

Pakistan - [11 September 1989]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2, which provides the possibility for submission of disputes to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party to such dispute and declares that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice, the consent of all parties concerned in each individual case is necessary."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8.

"The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 2, with respect to cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage.

"The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 13, paragraph 2, which provides the possibility for submission of disputes to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party to such dispute and declares that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice, the consent of all parties concerned in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in English)

Peru - [17 July 1995]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Government of the Republic of Peru, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 11, declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

1. Privileges and immunities: In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8, the Government of the Republic of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that article.

2. Claims and compensation: In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10, the Government of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to claims and compensation set forth in paragraph 2 of that article.

3. Settlement of disputes: In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the Republic of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."

Poland - [24 March 1988]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
".... the Polish People's Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"....the Polish People's Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention."
(Original in English and Polish; supplied by the Government)

Romania - [12 June 1990]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

"Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency and declares that the submission of any international dispute on the interpretation or the application of those Conventions to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all the parties to the dispute."
(Original in Romanian and French; translation by the Secretariat)

Russian Federation - [23 December 1986]^1/

The following identical reservation was received in respect of both Conventions:

" ... will not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

Saudi Arabia - [3 November 1989]^1/

1. Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
   1. The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declares that the provisions of Article 1 are unsatisfactory in that they impose on the States Parties the obligation to notify only those accidents resulting in a release of radioactive material which has crossed or may cross an international boundary or those which may have consequences outside their jurisdiction and control. The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers that all accidents should be notified, including those with consequences limited to the territory of the State concerned, regardless of the source of the accident, whether civil or military, including accidents resulting from nuclear weapons or nuclear-weapons tests, since transboundary effects from any source which have safety significance may cause harm to all without distinction.

   2. "In accordance with Paragraph 3 of Article 11 the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article."

2. Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
   1. "The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will not be bound in whole or in part by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8 relating to the grant of privileges, immunities and facilities to the assisting parties.

   2. "The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 of Article 10 relating to claims and compensation. The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will apply local law in deciding on the relevant procedures.

   3. "In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article.

   4. "With regard to Article 9, relating to the transit of personnel, equipment and property to and from the requesting State, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will not be bound to facilitate the transit through its territory of personnel, equipment and property unless there exist diplomatic relations between the Kingdom and the States Parties concerned during the provision of assistance. "III. Accession to these two Conventions does not in any way imply recognition of Israel and shall not lead to any involvement with Israel on matters governed by these Conventions."
      (Original in Arabic; translation by the Secretariat)

South Africa - [10 August 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

1. the Government of the Republic of South Africa does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlements provided for in Article 11, paragraph 2, of the Convention,

2. the signature of this Convention by the Republic of South Africa in no way implies recognition by South Africa of the United Nations Council for Namibia or its competence to act on behalf of South West Africa/Namibia."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

1. the Government of the Republic of South Africa does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlements provided for in Article 13, paragraph 2, of the Convention,

2. the signature of this Convention by the Republic of South Africa in no way implies recognition by South Africa of the United Nations Council for Namibia or its competence to act on behalf of South West Africa/Namibia."
   (Original in English)

Spain - [11 September 1989]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Kingdom of Spain does not consider itself bound by the procedures for the settlement of disputes stipulated in paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Kingdom of Spain declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions in paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 8, in paragraph 2 of article 10, and in paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency."
(Original in Spanish; translation by the Secretariat)

Sri Lanka - [11 January 1991]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka views Article 1 of the Convention dealing with its scope of application, in the light of the official declarations made by the representatives of China, France, Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States of America as to the readiness of their Governments, on a voluntary basis, to notify the International Atomic Energy Agency and any other States affected by any accident which is not specified in Article 1 of the Convention and which may have transboundary radiological consequences."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

1. "The Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka considers that the obligations relating to the grant of privileges, immunities and facilities in terms of Article 8, shall be subject to the applicable laws, regulations and procedures of Sri Lanka.

2. "The Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka declares, in accordance with Article 10.5, that Sri Lanka does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of the said Article."
   (Original in Singhalese and English)

Sweden - [24 June 1992]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"Under Article 10 item 5b): Sweden reserves the right, notwithstanding what is stated in Article 8 concerning immunities and privileges, to retroactively reclaim reimbursement paid from a tortfeasor, acting on behalf of the assisting party, who has caused damage by intent or gross negligence. Sweden will furthermore apply Swedish rules concerning apportionment on grounds of contributory negligence.

"Under Article 8 item 9: Sweden declares that the rules on immunities and privileges in the Convention shall not apply to participants in rescue operations who are Swedish citizens or are resident in Sweden."
(Original in English)

Thailand - [21 March 1989]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"Thailand does not consider itself bound by both of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 11."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

"Thailand does not consider itself bound by the provisions concerning: (i) the privileges, immunities stipulated in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8; (ii) the claims and compensation prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 10, and (iii) both of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 13."
(Original in English)

Turkey - [3 January 1991]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"Turkey hereby declares that in accordance with paragraph 3 of the article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 11, thereof."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In conformity with the article 8 paragraph 9 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 8 paragraph 2(a) with regard to the immunity from civil proceedings, by paragraph 2(b) concerning exception from taxation, duties or other charges for personnel of the assisting party.

"Turkey hereby declares that in accordance with article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 article 10.

"Turkey hereby declares that in accordance with paragraph 3 of the article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 13, thereof."
(Original in Turkish; translation provided by the Government)

Ukraine - [26 January 1987]^1/

The following identical reservation was received in respect of both Conventions:

"The Ukrainian SSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

United Arab Emirates - [2 October 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Government of the United Arab Emirates, in accordance with Paragraph 3 of Article 11, does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 2 of that article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Government of the United Arab Emirates, in accordance with Paragraph 3 of Article 13, does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 2 of that Article."
(Original in English)

United Kingdom - [9 February 1990]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The United Kingdom Government affirms that, having regard to Article 3 of the Convention, and as stated by the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Energy in his address to the Special Session of the General Conference on 24 September 1986, the United Kingdom would in practice notify the IAEA and affected states in the event of an accident to military facilities or equipment which, although not of the type specified in Article 1 of the Convention, had or might have the consequences specified in that Article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In pursuance of paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the United Kingdom hereby declares that it considers itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of the said Article 8 to the following extent:

1. "in cases where assistance is provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency, to the extent to which the privileges and immunities provided for in those paragraphs are accorded in the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency, approved by the Board of Governors on 1 July 1959;

2. "in cases where assistance is provided by any other international intergovernmental organisation, to the extent to which the United Kingdom has agreed to accord the privileges and immunities provided for in those paragraphs;

3. "in cases where assistance is provided by a State Party to the Convention, to the following extent:
   1. "in relation to the State Party providing assistance to the extent that that State Party is itself bound by those paragraphs in relation to the United Kingdom;

   2. "the United Kingdom shall only be bound to apply paragraph 2(b) in cases where the State Party is providing assistance without cost to the United Kingdom; and

   3. "the exemption from taxation provided for in paragraph 2(b) shall only extend to an exemption from income tax on the salaries and emoluments of personnel which are paid from the State Party providing assistance and the United Kingdom reserves the right to take those salaries and emoluments into account for the purpose of assessing the amount of taxation to be applied to income from other sources".
      ] (Original in English)

United States of America - [19 September 1988]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"As provided for in paragraph 3 of article 11, the United States declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 2 and paragraph 2 of article 7, the United States declares that reimbursement of costs is among the terms of assistance it may provide unless the United States explicitly specifies otherwise or waives reimbursements.

"With respect to any other state party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 9 of article 8 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or 3, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 9 that in its treaty relations with that state the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 to the same extent provided in the declaration of that other state party.

"With respect to any other state party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 5 of article 10 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or that it will not apply paragraph 2 in whole or in part in cases of gross negligence, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 5 that in its treaty relations with that state the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 to the same extent as provided in the declaration of that other state party.

"As provided for in paragraph 3 of article 13, the United States declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."
(Original in English)

Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of - [29 September 1987]^1/

The following identical reservation was received in respect of both Conventions:

"The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam shall not consider itself to be bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident or of paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which provide for the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or of referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party; the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam declares that the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all the parties in each particular case."
(Original in French; translation by the Secretariat)

World Health Organization - [10 August 1988]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"In conformity with paragraph 5(c) of Article 12, the Director-General of WHO declares that the World Health Organization is competent to act as the directing and coordinating authority in international health work in matters covered by the Convention, and to provide related assistance upon the request or acceptance of governments, without prejudice to the national competence of each of its Member States."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In conformity with paragraph 5(c) of Article 14, the Director-General of WHO declares that the World Health Organization is competent to act as the directing and coordinating authority in international health work in matters covered by the Convention, and to provide related assistance upon the request or acceptance of governments, without prejudice to the national competence of each of its Member States."
(Original in English)

World Meteorological Organization - [17 April 1990]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"I, the undersigned, Prof. G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization, declare in accordance with paragraph five (c) of Article twelve of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident adopted at Vienna on the twenty-sixth day of September, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-six that the World Meteorological Organization has competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by this Convention to the extent of fulfilling the purposes of the Organization as laid down in Article two of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"I, the undersigned, Prof. G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization, declare in accordance with paragraph five (c) of Article fourteen of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency adopted at Vienna on the twenty-sixth day of September, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-six that the World Meteorological Organization has competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by this Convention to the extent of fulfilling the purposes of the Organization as laid down in Article two of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization."
(Original in English)

Afghanistan - [26 September 1986]^1/

"... the Government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan reserves its right to make whatever declaration it deems appropriate at the time of deposit of its instrument of ratification."
(Original in English)

Algeria - [24 September 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
" Article 11. Settlement of disputes

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures set out in paragraph 2. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that the submission of any dispute to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all parties to the dispute.

" Article 12. Entry into force

Algeria's signature will be accompanied by the words 'subject to ratification'.

" Article 13. Provisional application

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that it will apply the Convention provisionally in accordance with Article 13."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
" Article 8. Privileges, immunities and facilities

In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8, the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article.

" Reservations on paragraph 8

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by the rules of customary international law.

" Article 10. Claims and compensation

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria states that national law will apply with regard to legal proceedings and compensation.

" Article 13. Settlement of disputes

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures set out in paragraph 2. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that the submission of any dispute to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all parties to the dispute."

" Article 14. Entry into force

Algeria's signature will be accompanied by the words 'subject to ratification'.

" Article 15. Provisional application

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that it will apply the Convention provisionally in accordance with Article 15."
(Original in French; translation by the Secretariat)

Australia - [26 September 1986]^1/

"Australia will make any declarations as provided for by the Conventions only upon ratification.

"Attention is also drawn to the statement by the Leader of the Australian delegation to the first Special Session of the General Conference, in particular the sections of the statement which refer to the relationship between the conventions and customary international law."
(Original in English)

Belarus - [26 September 1986]^1/

"The Byelorussian SSR also declares that it accepts provisionally the obligations under the conventions in question from the time of their signature and until their ratification. The Byelorussian SSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

Bulgaria - [26 September 1986]^1/

"From the time of signature and until the conventions come into force for the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the latter will apply both conventions provisionally.

"The People's Republic of Bulgaria does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and in article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

Canada - [26 September 1986]^1/

The following identical communication was received in respect of both Conventions:

"... the Government of Canada reserves its right to make whatever declarations it deems appropriate at the time of deposit of its instrument of ratification."
(Original in English)

China - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

1. "China does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 11, paragraph 2, of the Convention.

2. "In view of the urgency of the question of nuclear safety, China accepts article 13, the provisionally applicable clause of the Convention before the Convention's entry into force for China."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

1. "In cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage, article 10, paragraph 2, of the Convention shall not apply to China.

2. "China does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 13, paragraph 2, of the Convention.

3. "In view of the urgency of the question of nuclear safety, China accepts article 15, the provisionally applicable clause of the Convention before the Convention's entry into force for China."

Cuba - [26 September 1986]^1/

"With regard to the settlement of disputes as described in article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, the Government of Cuba does not consider itself bound by the procedure for referring disputes to the International Court of Justice nor by any decision which the International Court of Justice takes in application of this Convention and which affects Cuba.

"With regard to the settlement of disputes as described in article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the Government of Cuba does not consider itself bound by the procedure for referring disputes to the International Court of Justice nor by any decision which the International Court of Justice takes in application of this Convention and which affects Cuba."
(Original in Spanish; translation by the Secretariat)

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - [29 September 1986]^1/

1. "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by either of dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and in article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.

2. "In view of the urgency of the question of nuclear safety the Democratic People's Republic of Korea will apply both conventions provisionally."

France - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"Article 8. Privileges, immunities and facilities

The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with paragraph 9 of article 8, that France does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that article.

"Article 10. Claims and compensation

The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with paragraph 5 of article 10, that France does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of that article.

"Article 13. Settlement of disputes The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of article 13, that France does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that article."

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"Article 11. Settlement of disputes

The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of article 11, that France does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that article."
(Original in French; translation by the Secretariat)

Germany, Federal Republic of - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

1. "With reference to article 13 of the aforementioned Convention, the Federal Republic of Germany will as of today, in accordance with the law applicable in the Federal Republic of Germany, apply the Convention provisionally.

2. "The Federal Republic of Germany is of the view that in the case of a nuclear accident information about the effects of the accident should also be exchanged between neighbouring States affected by the accident and expresses its wish that also other countries would act accordingly."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"... with reference to article 15 of the aforementioned Convention, that the Federal Republic of Germany will as of today, in accordance with the law applicable in the Federal Republic of Germany, apply the Convention provisionally."
(Original in English and German; supplied by the Government)

Greece - [26 September 1986]^1/

The following identical communication was received in respect of both Conventions:

"According to their respective articles 13 and 15, the above two conventions will be provisionally applied in Greece within the framework of the existing internal legislation."
(Original in English)

Hungary - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The Hungarian People's Republic does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention since, in its opinion, the jurisdiction of any arbitral tribunal or of the International Court of Justice can be founded only on the voluntary prior acceptance of such jurisdiction by all the Parties concerned."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The Hungarian People's Republic does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 13, paragraph 2, of the Convention since, in its opinion, the jurisdiction of any arbitral tribunal or of the International Court of Justice can be founded only on the voluntary prior acceptance of such jurisdiction by all the Parties concerned."
(Original in English and Hungarian; supplied by the Government)

India - [29 September 1986]^1/

"While signing the two conventions that were approved by the special session last week, I would like to express the disappointment of my Government that the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident does not cover all kinds of accidents. It should have been a full-scope convention covering accidents from whatever source - civil or military, including accidents emanating from nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons tests, since the transboundary effects of radiological safety significance from any source would be equally damaging.

Nevertheless, we have decided to sign both conventions, subject to ratification, in view of the solemn assurance that has been given by the five nuclear-weapon States to the effect that they undertake to notify all accidents. This is in keeping with our policy of according to public declarations of State policy equal validity with other international commitments.

"While ratifying these conventions, it is our intention to indicate our reservations with respect to certain articles of the two conventions, as already provided for in them."
(Original in English)

Indonesia - [26 September 1986]^1/

"The Permanent Mission has further the honour to inform the Secretariat that the Government of Indonesia wishes to make the following reservations:

1. article 13 on Settlement of Disputes of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency; and

2. article 11 on Settlement of Disputes of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident."

Iraq - [12 August 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"..... with a reservation on Article 11.2 with regard to the obligation to accept arbitrators to be appointed by the President of the International Court of Justice or the Secretary-General of the United Nations."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

1. "In accordance with the right under Article 10.5(a) and (b) of States signing the Convention we make a reservation with regard to Article 8 concerning immunity from legal proceedings, namely that cases of gross negligence shall be excluded from total immunity so that the assisting party shall not be exempted from responsibility;

2. "We make a reservation on Article 13.2 with regard to the obligation to accept arbitrators to be appointed by the President of the International Court of Justice or the Secretary-General of the United Nations."

(Original in Arabic; translation by the Secretariat)

Ireland - [26 September 1986]^1/

"Ireland hereby declares that in accordance with article 8, paragraph 9 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 8 thereof.

"Ireland hereby declares that in accordance with article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 10 thereof."
(Original in English)

Italy - [26 September 1986]^1/

"The Italian Government, upon signature of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, declares that the clauses of article l are not satisfactory, in so far as they impose on a contracting party the obligation to notify only accidents from which derives the release of radioactive materials which might transcend or has transcended an international boundary, or could have other consequences outside its jurisdiction or control.

"The Italian Government considers that every accident should be notified, also those which have consequences limited to the territory of the State concerned."
(Original in English)

Mongolia - [8 January 1987]^1/

The following identical reservation was received in respect of both Conventions:

"The Mongolian People's Republic states that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency concerning the procedure of the settlement of disputes arising from the interpretation or application of the Conventions. In its opinion, for submission of any dispute of such nature to arbitration or the International Court of Justice, the consent of all the parties to the dispute is necessary."
(Original in English and Russian; supplied by the Government)

Netherlands - [26 September 1986]^1/

"... declares today on the occasion of the signing of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, and in accordance with article 13 of that Convention, that his Government, anticipating the entry into force of the Convention for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, will apply its provisions provisionally. This provisional application will come into effect thirty days from today, or, in case the Convention will not be in force for at least one other State at that time, on the date on which the Convention will have become applicable to one other State either by means of entry into force or by means of a declaration of provisional application.

"... declares today on the occasion of the signing of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, and in accordance with article 15 of that Convention, that his Government, anticipating the entry into force of the Convention for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, will apply its provisions provisionally. This provisional application will come into effect thirty days from today, or, in case the Convention will not be in force for at least one other State at that time, on the date on which the Convention will have become applicable to one other State either by means of entry into force or by means of a declaration of provisional application. The provisions of article 10, second paragraph, are being excluded from this provisional application."
(Original in English)

Norway - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In conformity with article 8, paragraph 9 of the Convention, Norway does not consider herself bound by article 8, paragraph 2(a) as far as immunity from civil proceedings are concerned and by article 8, paragraph 2(b) as far as exemption from taxation, duties or other charges for personnel of the assisting party is concerned."
(Original in English)

Poland - [26 September 1986]^1/

"The Government of the Polish People's Republic declares that it will provisionally apply the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident adopted at the Special Session of the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna on 26 September 1986, with the exception of article 11, paragraph 2, over the period between its entry into force and ratification.

"The Government of the Polish People's Republic declares that it will provisionally apply the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency adopted in Vienna on 26 September 1986 with the exception of article 13, paragraph 2, over the period between its entry into force and ratification."
(Original in English)

Russian Federation - [26 September 1986]^1/

"From the time of signature and until the conventions come into force for the USSR, the latter will apply both conventions provisionally.

"The USSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

Thailand - [25 September 1987]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Thailand does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8 and paragraph 5 of Article 10 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Thailand does not consider itself bound by the provisions stipulated in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8 and paragraph 2 of Article 10, and also declares that, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13 of the Convention, it does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article".
(Original in English)

Turkey - [26 September 1986]^1/

"... declarations or reservations will be made, if any, on article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and on articles 8, 9 and 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency during the course of the submission of the instrument of ratification to the depository."
(Original in English)

Ukraine - [26 September 1986]^1/

"The Ukrainian SSR also declares that it accepts provisionally the obligations under the Conventions in question from the time of their signature and until their ratification. The Ukrainian SSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary."
(Original in Russian; translation by the Secretariat)

United Kingdom - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"The United Kingdom will apply this Convention provisionally from today's date to the extent permitted by its existing laws, regulations and administrative arrangements.

"The United Kingdom Resident Representative affirms that, having regard to article 3 of the Convention, and as stated by the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Energy in his address to the Special Session of the General Conference on 24 September, the United Kingdom would in practice notify the IAEA and affected States in the event of an accident to military facilities or equipment which, although not of the type specified in article l of the Convention, had or might have the consequence specified in that article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"The United Kingdom will apply this Convention provisionally from today's date to the extent permitted by its existing laws, regulations and administrative arrangements."
(Original in English)

United States of America - [26 September 1986]^1/

Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
"As provided for in paragraph 3 of article 11, the United States declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."

Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
"In accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 2 and paragraph 2 of article 7, the United States declares that reimbursement of costs is among the terms of assistance it may provide unless the United States explicitly specifies otherwise or waives reimbursement.

"With respect to any other State Party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 9 of article 8 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or 3, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 9 that in its treaty relations with that State the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 to the same extent provided in the declaration of that other State Party.

"With respect to any other State Party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 5 of article 10 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or that it will not apply paragraph 2 in whole or in part in cases of gross negligence, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 5 that in its treaty relations with that State the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 to the same extent as provided in the declaration of that other State Party.

"As provided for in paragraph 3 of article 13, the United States declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article."
(Original in English)

^[1] Date of deposit of reservations/declarations/objections.