1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Piyasena, R.D.; Airey, P.L. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Technical Assistance and Co-operation); Ganatra, R.D.; Nofal, M. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Life Sciences)
Since first introduced in the early 1960s, radioimmunoassay (RIA) has gained wide acceptance as an analytical method adopted by an increasing number of developing countries as an appropriate technology that can be managed within the capabilities of local infrastructures. An
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Strohal, P.; Ouvrard, R. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Nuclear Safety)
Nearly every IAEA Member State uses ionizing radiation to some extent for social, health, or economic benefit. A number of X-ray machines are used for medical purposes even in the least developed countries of the world. This fact alone suggests a continuing need for national and
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Abu Bakr, A. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Technical Assistance and Co-operation)
Short communication
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Smith, A.Y.; Tauchid, M. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Nuclear Fuel Cycle)
At the outset, a brief overview of uranium exploration and techniques may be helpful to understanding the range of applications. Techniques have been developed to provide maximum information at very low cost and with a high degree of reliability. The radioelements uranium,
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Markovic, V. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Dept. of Research and Isotopes)
Radiation chemistry is a branch of chemistry (some say physical chemistry) that studies chemical transformations in materials exposed to high-energy radiations. It uses radiation as the initiator of chemical reactions, as a source of energy that disrupts the sensitive energy
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Dubinchuk, V.; Froehlich, K.; Gonfiantini, R. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Physical and Chemical Sciences)
Groundwater quality has worsened in many regions, with sometimes serious consequences. Decontaminating groundwater is an extremely slow process, and sometimes impossible, because of the generally long residence time of the water in most geological formations. Major causes of
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Janev, R.K. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Physical and Chemical Sciences)
Up to the present time, atomic and molecular physics has played an important role in fusion research with respect to plasma energy balance, ignition and burn control, plasma heating, and diagnostics. As the larger next generation experiments are being planned, this role becomes
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
In December 1988, delegates meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, agreed on a set of principles for the acceptance of irradiated food in trade under strict controls by competent national authorities. Agreement was reached through a final document adopted by consensus on 16 December
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Tape, N.W. (Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (Canada). Food Research Centre)
This article is adapted from a document presented to the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation (ICGFI) at its 5th Annual Meeting, Vienna, 6-8 September 1988. The document provided a basis for the recommendations of the group's government-designated experts to
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1989 - Volume 31, Issue 1 | by Lederman, L.; Tomic, B. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Div. of Nuclear Safety)
Developed as a logical extension of the old engineering discipline of reliability analysis, probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) was introduced in the commercial nuclear power field in the mid-1970s. To date, more than 70 PSAs have been carried out worldwide for nuclear power
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